CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS -
VOL.26
Editors: Valerio Cozzani, Eddy De Rademaeker
Copyright © 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,
ISBN 978-88-95608-17-4; ISSN 1974-9791
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Table of Contents
& Authors Index
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DOI
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PART
1
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| The Essential Elements of a Successful Reactive Chemicals Program | 1 |
| Frurip D.J. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226001 |
| Propagation of a Vapor Cloud Detonation from a Congested Into an Uncongested Area | 7 |
| Duran R., Goodrich M.L., Thomas J.K. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226002 |
| Jet Fires: a "minor" Fire Hazard? | 13 |
| Casal J., Gomez-Mares M., Munoz M., Palacios A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226003 |
| Chemical and Process Hazards | |
| Safe Optimization of 2-octanol Oxidation and Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerization | 21 |
| Copelli S., Derudi M., Rota R., Torretta V., Pasturenzi C., Lunghi A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226004 |
| Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Analysis by Screening Calorimetry Technique | 27 |
| Casson V., Battaglia E., Maschio G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226005 |
| Analysis of Maintenance and Storage Operations in Edible Oil Plants: Formation of Flammable Mixtures | 33 |
| Landucci G., Pelagagge L., Nicolella C. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226006 |
| Safety Criteria for the Epoxydation of Soybean Oil in Fed-batch Reactor | 39 |
| Salzano E., Garcia-Agreda A., Russo V., Di Serio M., Santacesaria E. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226007 |
| Safety Assessment of Solid Propellants for Satellites Engines | 45 |
| Razionale A., Navarra M., Di Bartolomeo G.P., Bubbico R. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226008 |
| Theoretical Evaluation of the Explosion Regimes of Hybrid Mixtures | 51 |
| Russo P., Di Benedetto A., Sanchirico R. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226009 |
| Investigation of Thermal Runaway in Semibatch Chemical Reactors by an Early Warning Detection Device | 57 |
| Ampelli C., Maschio G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226010 |
| Rigorous Simulation of Lpg Releases from Accidental Leaks | 63 |
| Raimondi L. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226011 |
| Preserving Safety and Improving Yield Performances in Methanol Processes | 69 |
| Ravaghi Ardebili Z., Manenti F., Nascimento Lima N.M., Zuniga Linan L., Cieri S., Restelli M., Bozzano G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226012 |
| Content of Chromium and Phosphorus in Cements in Relation to the Slovak Cement Eco-labelling | 75 |
| Estokova A., Palascakova L. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226013 |
| Enzymatic Catalysis of Vegetable Oil with Ethanol in the Presence of Co-solvents | 81 |
| Caetano N., Teixeira J.I.M., Mata T.M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226014 |
| Blast Damage Consideratons for Horizontal Pressure Vessel and Potential for Domino Effects | 87 |
| Dyer J., Raibagkar A.P., Kolbe M., Salzano E. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226015 |
| Risk and Hazard Analysis | |
| Rapid Natech Risk Assessment and Mapping Tool for Earthquakes: Rapid-n | 93 |
| Girgin S., Krausmann E. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226016 |
| Sensitivity Analysis of a Short-cut Methodology for Assessing Earthquake-related Na-tech Risk | 99 |
| Marzo E., Busini V., Rota R. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226017 |
| A Fuzzy-sets Based Approach for Modelling Uncertainties in Quantitative Risk Assessment of Industrial Plants Under Seismic Actions | 105 |
| Buratti N., Ferracuti B., Savoia M., Antonioni G., Cozzani V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226018 |
| Flooding of Industrial Facilities - Vulnerability Reduction in Practice | 111 |
| Vallee A., Duval C. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226019 |
| Failure and Reliability Predictions by Infinite Impulse Response Locally Recurrent Neural Networks | 117 |
| Zio E., Broggi M., Golea L., Pedroni N. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226020 |
| Analysis of the Effects Due to Ash Fallout from Mt. Etna on Industrial Installations | 123 |
| Milazzo M.F., Ancione G., Lister D.G., Basco A., Salzano E., Maschio G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226021 |
| Equipment Failure Probability Due to the Impact of Lightning | 129 |
| Necci A., Antonioni G., Renni E., Cozzani V., Borghetti A., Nucci C.A., Krausmann E. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226022 |
| A Study About Explosion Hazards in Presence of an Uncontrolled Anaerobic Digestive Process | 135 |
| Sasso S., Laterza E., Valenzano B. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226023 |
| Modelling Ignition Probabilities in the Framework of Quantitative Risk Assessments | 141 |
| Pesce M., Paci P., Garrone S., Pastorino R., Fabiano B. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226024 |
| Dynamic Analysis of Safety Performance Indicators for CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage Activities | 147 |
| Samadi J., Garbolino E. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226025 |
| Explosion Load Calculation for Building Design: Risk-based Versus Consequence-based Approach | 153 |
| Benucci S., Pontiggia M., Uguccioni G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226026 |
| The Interaction of Accidental Explosions with Industrial Equipment Containing Hazardous Substances | 159 |
| Salzano E., Cozzani V., Kolbe M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226027 |
| A “triple Bottom Line” Approach to Qra | 165 |
| Cavanagh N., Hickey C. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226028 |
| A Methodology for the Hazard Assessment in Large Hydrocarbon Fuel Tanks | 171 |
| Nivolianitou Z., Argyropoulos C., Christolis M., Markatos N. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226029 |
| Opportunities and Threats of Risk Based Inspections: the New Italian Legislation on Pressure Equipment Inspection | 177 |
| Bragatto P., Delle Site C., Faragnoli A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226030 |
| Application Factor Analysis for Evaluation Surface Water and Sediment Quality | 183 |
| Singovszka E., Balintova M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226031 |
| Risk Indicators of Water Network Operation | 189 |
| Studzinski A., Pietrucha-Urbanik K. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226032 |
| Probabilistic Assessment of Domino Effect Triggered by Fire: Implementation in Quantitive Risk Assessment | 195 |
| Landucci G., Antonioni G., Tugnoli A., Cozzani V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226033 |
| Urban Water Safety Mangement | 201 |
| Tchorzewska-Cieslak B. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226034 |
| Process Development for Safety and Sustainability | |
| Reuse of Textile Effluent Treated with Advanced Oxidation Process by Uv/h2o2 | 207 |
| Rosa J.M., Tambourgi E.B., Santana J.C.C. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226035 |
| Mswi Flue Gas Two-stage Dry Treatment: Modeling and Simulation | 213 |
| Antonioni G., Guglielmi D., Stramigioli C., Cozzani V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226036 |
| Using Simulated Distillation Or Density to Maximize Lubricants Production from Low Density Polyethylene (ldpe) Pyrolysis | 219 |
| Lima A., Canto E., De Souza Jr M., Valle M.L. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226037 |
| Fluoride Removal from Water by Adsorption on a High-alumina Content Bauxite | 225 |
| Lavecchia R., Medici F., Piga L., Rinaldi G., Zuorro A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226038 |
| Capital Cost Targeting of Total Site Heat Recovery | 231 |
| Nemet A., Varbanov P.S., Kapustenko P., Durgutovic A., Klemes J.J. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226039 |
| Improving Operability and Process Understanding of Sulfur Recovery Units | 237 |
| Papasidero D., Manenti F., Nascimento Lima N.M., Zuniga Linan L. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226040 |
| Fluid Catalytic Cracking Environmental Impact: Factorial Design Coupled with Genetic Algorithms to Minimize Carbon Monoxide Pollution | 243 |
| Cuadros J., Melo D., Maciel Filho R., Wolf Maciel M.R. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226041 |
| Computer Aided Assessment and Design of Occupationally Healthier Process During Research and Development Stage | 249 |
| Abbaszadeh S., Hassim M.H., Hurme M., Kasmani R.M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226042 |
| Biodiesel Production by an Integrated Reactive-separation System: a Comparative Study | 255 |
| Rios L., Martinez E., Da Silva N., Dantas T.S.S., Maciel Filho R., Wolf Maciel M.R. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226043 |
| Lca Tool for Sustainability Evaluations in the Pharmaceutical Industry | 261 |
| Mata T.M., Martins A.A., Neto B., Martins M.L., Salcedo R.L.R., Costa C.A.V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226044 |
| Valorization of Coffee Grounds for Biodiesel Production | 267 |
| Caetano N., Silva V., Mata T.M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226045 |
| Human Factors and Safety Culture | |
| Human Factors Issues and the Risk of High Voltage Equipment: are Standards Sufficient to Ensure Safety by Design? | 273 |
| Leva M.C., Pirani R., Demichela M., Clancy P. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226046 |
| The Human Factor in Process Safety Management | 279 |
| Gambetti F., Casalli A., Chisari V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226047 |
| Performance Indicators for Training Assessment of Control-room Operators | 285 |
| Manca D., Nazir S., Colombo S. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226048 |
| Plugging the Gap Between Safety Documents and Workers Perception, to Prevent Accidents at Seveso Establishments | 291 |
| Agnello P., Ansaldi S., Bragatto P. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226049 |
| Industrial Risk in the Lombardy Region (italy): What People Perceive and What are the Gaps to Improve the Risk Communication and the Participatory Processes | 297 |
| Di Mauro C., Bouchon S., Torretta V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226050 |
| The Role of Situation Awareness for the Operators of Process Industry | 303 |
| Nazir S., Colombo S., Manca D. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226051 |
| Safety of Energy Systems | |
| A Framework for Ranking the Attack Susceptibility of Components of Critical Infrastructures | 309 |
| Zio E., Piccinelli R., Sansavini G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226052 |
| A Case of Passive Fire Protection (pfp) in an Oil&gas Epc Project | 315 |
| Zuccaro G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226053 |
| Enhanced Modelling of Exposed Pfp Coatings Based on Bench-scale Fire-tests | 321 |
| Gomez-Mares M., Tugnoli A., Larcher S., Landucci G., Barontini F., Cozzani V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226054 |
| Sensitivity Analysis of Scale Deposition on Equipment of Oil Wells Plants | 327 |
| Baraldi P., Di Maio F., Zio E., Sauco S., Droguett E., Magno C. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226055 |
| Development of Hydrogen Leak Sensors for Fuel Cell Transportation | 333 |
| Ampelli C., Spadaro D., Neri G., Donato N., Latino M., Passalacqua R., Perathoner S., Centi G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226056 |
| Automatic Monitoring and Control of Annulus Bottom Hole Pressure for Safe Oil Well Drilling Operations | 339 |
| Vega M., Freitas M., Fernandes L., Scheid C., Martins A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226057 |
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PART
2
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| Combustion Safety | |
| The Role of the Combustion Sub-model for Large Eddy Simulation of Transient Premixed Flame-vortex Interactions in Gas Explosions | 345 |
| Di Sarli V., Di Benedetto A., Russo G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226058 |
| The Crpt Phenomenon: Theoretical Evaluations | 351 |
| Di Benedetto A., Cammarota F., Di Sarli V., Salzano E., Russo G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226059 |
| Modelling of Vented Gas Explosions in the CFD Tool Flacs | 357 |
| Pedersen H.H., Middha P. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226060 |
| Flame Heights of Di-tert-butyl Peroxide Pool Fires – Experimental Study and Modeling | 363 |
| Schaelike S., Wehrstedt K.D., Schoenbucher A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226061 |
| Highlighting the Importance of the Pyrolysis Step on Dusts Explosions | 369 |
| Dufaud O., Khalili I., Cuervo-Rodriguez N., Olcese R., Dufour A., Perrin L., Laurent A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226062 |
| Comparison of Fire Hazards in Passive and Conventional Houses | 375 |
| Fourneau C., Cornil N., Delvosalle C., Breulet H., Desmet S., Brohez S. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226063 |
| Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Laminar Burning Velocity of Binary and Ternary H2/hydrocarbon Mixtures | 381 |
| Basco A., Cammarota F., Di Benedetto A., Di Sarli V., Salzano E., Russo G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226064 |
| New Revised European Norm on Dust Explosion Venting Protection Systems En 14491 | 387 |
| Siwek R., Cavallin S. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226065 |
| New Vdi-guideline on Fire and Explosion Protection on Elevators | 393 |
| Siwek R. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226066 |
| Response Surface Methodology for Analysis of an Air Curtain Used as Emergency Ventilation System in a Tunnel Fire | 399 |
| Vittori F., Rojas-Solorzano L., Pavageau M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226067 |
| The Effect of Hydrogen Addition on the Explosion of Ethanol/air Mixtures | 405 |
| Cammarota F., Di Benedetto A., Di Sarli V., Salzano E. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226068 |
| Risk Governance and Regulations | |
| Harmonization of Safety and Security Aspects in Critical Installations of "seveso"-type | 411 |
| Gagliardi R.V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226069 |
| Scenario Selection for Land Use Planning Purposes Around “seveso” Establishments | 417 |
| Tugnoli A., Gyenes Z., Van Wijk L., Christou M., Spadoni G., Cozzani V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226070 |
| Major Risk Installation and Land Use Planning: Application of the Local Authorities Guidelines in Piedmont (italy) | 423 |
| Camuncoli G., Pilone E., Demichela M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226071 |
| The Price and Complications of Safety Compliance - an Australian Perspective | 429 |
| Glavan C., Palaneeswaran E. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226072 |
| Safety and Environmental Standards for Fuel Storage Sites: How to Enhance the Safety Integrity of an Overfill Protection System for Flammable Fuel Storage Tanks | 435 |
| Fanelli P. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226073 |
| Environmental Deviation Assessment, Record, Failure, Probability and Investment | 441 |
| Avila Filho S.S., Kiperstok A.A., Kalid R.R.A., Santos A.A.C., Carvalho V.V.S. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226074 |
| Program to Avoid Product Leakage at Source, Fertilizer Case | 447 |
| Avila Filho S.S., Kalid R.R.A., Kiperstok A.A., Carvalho V.V.S. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226075 |
| Integrated Approach Proposal for Evaluation Both Environmental and Accidental Risks in an Industrial Management | 453 |
| Costantini A., Valenzano B. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226076 |
| Hse Management | |
| Large Projects Integrators. Analysis and Management of the Data for Risk Assessment | 459 |
| Demichela M., Guarino M., Tuninetti G., Mancardi A., Camuncoli G., Murč S. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226077 |
| Security within the Chemical Process Industry: Survey Results from Flanders, Belgium | 465 |
| Reniers G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226078 |
| Descriptive Model of Indicators for Environment, Health and Safety Management | 471 |
| Mazri C., Jovanovic A., Balos D. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226079 |
| Performance Assessment of Crisis Management Plans with the Contribution of Multi-agent Systems | 477 |
| Lachtar D., Garbolino E. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226080 |
| Proposal of a Reference Geo-database to Support Safety Tasks Involving the Land Context of Seveso Establishments | 483 |
| Bogliolo M.P. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226081 |
| Ipeshe: an Index for Quantifying the Performance for Safety and Health in a Workplace | 489 |
| Saracino A., Curcuruto M., Pacini V., Spadoni G., Guglielmi D., Saccani C., Bocci V.M., Cimarelli M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226082 |
| Evaluation of Workers Accidents Through Risk Analysis | 495 |
| Nano G., Derudi M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226083 |
| People Evacuation: Simplified Evaluation of Available Safe Egress Time (aset) in Enclosures | 501 |
| Tosolini E., Grimaz S., Pecile L.C., Salzano E. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226084 |
| Correct and Effective Characterization of Fire-arms Noise: a Basic Aspect to Provide Reliable Input Data for the Reduction of Emitted Noise from Shooting Ranges in Urbanized Area | 507 |
| Bronuzzi F., Monai L., Patrucco M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226085 |
| Development of Hse Management Cals-system for Waste Utilization of Phosphoric Industry of Russia and Kazakhstan | 513 |
| Bessarabov A., Zhekeyev M., Sandu R., Kvasyuk A., Stepanova T. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226086 |
| A New Model for Evaluating Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (ohsms) | 519 |
| Saracino A., Spadoni G., Curcuruto M., Guglielmi D., Bocci V.M., Cimarelli M., Dottori E., Violante F. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226087 |
| Pro-active Control of Atmospheric Emissions in Research and Small Labs. a Practical Criterion for Designing and Managing the Activities Under Hoods | 525 |
| Grimaz S., Tosolini E., Capellari G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226088 |
| Changes in the Activity of the Pulmonary Surfactant After Contact with Bentonite Nanoclay Particles | 531 |
| Kondej D., Sosnowski T. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226089 |
| Consequence Analysis | |
| Consequences Assessment of an Accidental Toxic Gas Release Through a CFD Tool: Effect of the Terrain and Major Obstacles | 537 |
| Pontiggia M., Busini V., Gattuso M., Uguccioni G., Rota R. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226090 |
| An Approach to Carbon Dioxide Particle Distribution in Accidental Releases | 543 |
| Hulsbosch-Dam C., Spruijt M., Necci A., Cozzani V. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226091 |
| Estimating Toxic Risk Exposure to Populations Inside Buildings | 549 |
| Sarrack A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226092 |
| Simulation of Accidental Release by Means of Two Different Modeling Approaches | 555 |
| Gariazzo C., Pelliccioni A., Bragatto P. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226093 |
| Best Real Time Model Development of an Oil Well Drilling System | 561 |
| Vega M., Freitas M., Fernandes L., Scheid C., Martins A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226094 |
| Safety Of Transportation Systems | |
| An Observational Analysis of Seismic Vulnerability of Industrial Pipelines | 567 |
| Lanzano G., Salzano E., Santucci De Magistris F., Fabbrocino G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226095 |
| Conceptual Models for CO2 Release and Risk Assessment: a Review | 573 |
| Vianello C., Macchietto S., Maschio G. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226096 |
| Dangerous Goods Transportation by Road: a Risk Analysis Model and a Global Integrated Information System to Monitor Hazardous Materials Land Transportation in Order to Protect Territory | 579 |
| Orso Giacone M., Bratta F., Gandini P., Studer L. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226097 |
| Kinetic Evaluations for the Transportation of Dangerous Chemical Compounds | 585 |
| Dellavedova M., Pasturenzi C., Gigante L., Lunghi A. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226098 |
| Predicting Nutrient Loads in Chosen Catchment | 591 |
| Junakova N., Balintova M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226099 |
| Industrial Site Workplace Transport and Safety Management | 597 |
| Landoni A., Pittiglio P. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226100 |
| Forensic Engineering and Accident Investigation | |
| Risk Assessment of Past Exposure in Forensic Engineering | 603 |
| Nano G., Derudi M., Rota R. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226101 |
| Modern Methodologies of Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites Applied to an Industrial Accident in 1976 | 609 |
| Russo G., Russo P. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226102 |
| The Thyssen Krupp Accident in Torino, Investigation Methods, Accident Dynamics and Lesson Learned | 615 |
| Marmo L., Fiorentini L., Piccinini N. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226103 |
| Deepwater Horizon: Lessons Learned for the Norwegian Petroleum Industry with Focus on Technical Aspects | 621 |
| Hauge S., Oien K. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226104 |
| A Formalized Approach in Prevention Through Design and Detailed Definition of the Input Data on the Basis of Occurred Accidents: Some Experiences at Italian Extractive Activities | 627 |
| Martinetti A., Patrucco M., Molina P., Romano R. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226105 |
| Forensic Reconstruction of the Explosion That Occurred at the Cordero Flour Mill, Cuneo, Italy | 633 |
| Marmo L., Demichela M. | DOI:10.3303/CET1226106 |